Mechanism for and method of manufacturing pulp articles



06L 4, 1932. w, o s 1,880,458

MECHANISM ,FOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES Original Filed Feb. 5. 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Oct. 4, 1932. A. w. MORRIS 1,380,458

MECHANISM FOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PUL P ARTICLES Original Filed Feb. 5. 192? 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR W 74mm 771 01:4 W

ATTORNEY-.

A. W. MORRIS Oct. 4, 1932.

MECHANISM FOR AND METHOD MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES 7 SheetS Sheet 5 Original Filed Feb. 5. 1929 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Oct. 4, 1932. A. w. MORRIS 1,880,458

MECHANISM .FOR AND METHOD OF' MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES Original Filed Feb. 5. 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 4, 1932. A. w. MORRIS 1,330,458

MECHANISM .FOR,AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES Original Filed Feb. 5. 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR ATTORNEY k) [N v 06L 8, 1982. w. MORRIS 8 1,880,458

MECHANISM ,FOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES Original Filed Feb. 5, 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR f BY QMWMMMMJ ATTORNEYS Oct. 4, 1932. Aw. MORRIS MECHANISM ,FOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES 7 Sheets-Sheet 7- Original Filed Feb. 5, 1929 'INVENTOR ATTORNEYS v Patented Oct. 4, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- ALI BERT W. MORRIS, OF PHIIADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE E.

GOBLENS, 01 NEW YORK, N. Y.

MECHANISM FOR METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PULP ARTICLES Application filed February 5, 1929, Serial No. 337,638. Renewed February 13, 1932."

My invention relates to a new and improved mechanism for and method of manufacturing pulp articles.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a method whereby pulp articles can be readily formed into a predetermined shape or shapes.-

Another object of my'invention is to pro vide a method of and mechanism for this purpose which shall utilize suction, pressure, and heat.

Another object of my invention is to provide a machine for this urpose which can be capable of rapid and eflibient operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a method and mechanism for this purpose whereby a sheet of pulp can be dried and set by means of combined pressure and heat.

Anotherobject of my invention is to pro vide a method of and mechanism for this purose, whereby electric heat can be economicaly used. I

Other objects'of my invention will be set forth in the following description and drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof, it being understood that the- 1 above general statement of the objects of my compressed and heated.

- Fig. 3 is a view of the right-hand side of Fig. 1 showing the parts in the position in which the set.

Fig.4 is aside elevation. Y Fig. 5 is a detail enlarged sectional view of pulp is'ejected after having been the mechanism for heating and settingthe Fig. 6 is a sectional'view on the'line 6--6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a detail plan view ofits remforcing frame.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the'completed sheet of pulp. t

Fig. 9 shows the cam and accessory valve whic control the aspiration of the pulp. In the position shown, the valve is set so as to cause the pulp to be taken up.

Fig. 10 shows the cam and associated valve which controls the mechanism for mass of aspirated pulp. V Fig. 11 shows a cam and associated valve for controlling the supply of air admitted into the pressure chamber B, which is later more fully described.

Fi' 12 shows another cam and the valve assoclated therewith for controlling the mechanism for mechanically compressing the sheet. of pulp.

Fig. 13 shows a cam and switch associated therewith for controlling the supply of current through the heatin means.

Fig. 14 1s a general fiagrammatic assembl view of the machine.

Fig. 15 is a-diagrammatic view showing the sequence in the operations of the various cams, and the respective periods of time during which they operate.

Fig. 16 is a dlagrammatic view showing the clrcuit employed.

As shown in Fig. 1, the device is mounted upon a suitable base .1 upon which supply tanks 2 and 2a are located, said tanks containing the pulp or other cellulose material mixed with Water. This mixture of pulp and water may be of any suitable type, which.

is used for making pulp articles, paper, or the like. The base 1 is provided with standards 3 and 3a.. These standards 3 and 3a are either connected at their upper ends, or they are made of a single integral U-shaped casting or the like. A cylindere is connected to the member connecting the tops of the standards 3 and 3a. A piston v5 is located in the cylinder 4 and said cylinder 4 is provided with an air-inlet pipe 6. The piston 5 is provided witha depending piston rod 7. v

As shown in Fig. 1, the piston rod 7' is provided with an enlargement 7a at the bottom thereof. Links 8 are connected at their upper aising a a screen andends to the enlargement 7a by means of pivot pins 7 I). These pivot pins 76 project throu h the enlargement 7 a at the front and at t e rear of the enlargement 7 c. There are four of the said links 8, the said links 8 being arranged in two pairs, each pair of -li s 8 comprising one 1n front and one in back of .the enlargement 7a. Each pair of links 8 by means of a pivot pin 10. Each arm 9 of.

said bell-crank lever is located between the associated links 8. The arms 11 are slotted and each of them is connected by means of a pivot pin 15 to. a suction chamber S.

Hence, as shown in Fig. 1, when'the piston 5 is in its upper position, the suction chambers S are depressed until their bottoms are below the level of the pulp and water mixture P in the tanks 2 and 2a. When the piston.5 is depressed, each suction chamber S is tilted and raised, as indicated in Fig. 3. When the depression of the piston 5 is complete, each suction chamber S iscaused to assume the position shown in Fig. 2. Each suction chamber S is provided with awater outlet 16. Hence while each suction chamber S is'being moved to and while it is in the operative position, said operative position being shown in Fig. 2, surplus water can drop out of said suction chamber S.

Likewise, any loose pulp can drop back together with the water, into the corresponding supply tank which is then located underneath the suction chamber S. Each suction chamber S is connected by means of a flexible hose 18 to a suction pump or the like,

which is rendered effective at a suitable time.-

As shown in detail in Fig. 5 the bottom formed by a a high resistance and which canwithstand relatively high temperatures. The ends of this mesh bottom 19 are connected to a sultable source of electric current .b means of a cable 20, in order to heat sa'i mesh. A pair of conductors is located in the cable 20 for this purpose so that either a direct current or an alternating current can be passed through the sheet 19, before it is moved to the operative position shown in Fig. 5, so as to preheat said mesh 19 to the desired temperature. While I prefer to form the bottom of suction chamber S of wire mesh, I do not wish to exclude the use of any foraminous material through which air can be forced whenthe chamber S has its air ressure lowered, in order to collect the pu p.

As shown in Fig. 5, a third conductor located in the cable 20, is connected to the central point of the mesh bottom 19, or to any other suitable point thereof, for a purpose members.

the moisture out of the interior of the sheet,

which will be later more fully described. In

desirable to have a large area of contact between the sheetof pulp and the respective sheets of mesh or t these mesh members are made of thick wires such as copper, nickel, or other material having a high conductivity, they may become so hot as to scorch the surfaces of the pulp article which'is being formed, which is highly undesirable. By using high resistance, material, such as nichrome, a large area of contact can be provided between the sheets of pulp and the metal members in contact therewith, without overheating said metal The 'electro-osmotic efiect drives of pulp, and the surfaces of the sheet of pulp are suflicientl'y heated by the use of high resistance material to thoroughly dr and set the pulp, without burning it an producing arcs through the material.

The pressure in the suction chamber S is reduced to cause a layer of pul thereto, before it is lifted out of the corresponding supply tank, and this suction is maintained until the bottom of the suction chamber S has turned either 180 01' has been sufficiently turned to prevent the pulp from dropping off.

Each side of the apparatus is provided with, a compression chamber B. As shown in detail in F ig. 5, the bottom of each compression chamber B is formed 'of wire mesh 21, which is' similar to and may be identical with the wire gauze 19. A pair of conductors located in the cable 22 are likewise connected to the poles or terminals of a source of electric current and to the ends of the mesh 21. Hence, the mesh 21 can be heated for a sufficient period of time before the same becomes operative to heat and set a sheetof pulp.

As shown in Fig 5, a third conductor lo' cated in the cable 22 is connected to the central point (or any other suitable point) of the mesh 21, for a purpose which will be later more fully described.

Since the sheet of pulp is subjected to considerable Ipressure between the upper and lower mes es, it is necessary to upper sheet of mesh 21 from buc ling. The

pressure chamber B is provided with a movable frame 23 to' which the upper sheet of mesh 21 is connected, and this movable frame a e perforated or unperforated plates which contact therewith. If

without to adhere 1 revent the 23 is provided with lateral reinforcing arms I 23a. Likewise, the bottom sheet of mesh 19 is correspondingly provided with or mounted upon a skeleton reinforcing frame 24 having lateral arms 24a. The frame 23is mounted upon a piston rod 26 which is connected to a piston 27 located in the pressure cylinder 28a. Air underpressure is supplied .through the pipe 29. This air under pressune actuates iston 27 which forces the frame 23,-toget erwith the gauze 21 downwardly with considerable force to. compress the sheet of pulp P', and squeeze out some of the remaining water therein which falls out of the outlet 16. This mechanical pressure produces avery intimate contact between the wire mesh dies and the pulp, because the wires are imbedded in the pulp, as shown. in Fig 16. A compression spring 28 which has an abutment connected to the top of the pressure chamber B, normallyhol s the piston 27in a osition in which the mesh 21 is held above the operative position shown in Fig. 5. Since the pulp has been collected on. the mesh 19 by means of suction, the pulp fibres so collected have become interlaced to some extent so that when ressure is applied to the pulp, it will not opemngs in mesh 19 and mesh 21. When the suction is first applied, a certain amount of pulp passes through the mesh 19, but the pulp soon compacts so as to form a layer which can withstand the subsequent pressure.

In order to clean each bottom sheet of mesh 19, brushes 30 are employed Each brush 30 is mounted upon the bottom of a lever 31 y downwardl moving the handle 33, each brush 30 can moved inwardly into operative position. This handle 30 can be actuated by hand, or by any suitable automatic means to clean the associated mesh 19 uponeach downward movement thereof.

As shown in Fig. 16, electric current may be supplied to the primary coil P of a transformer. This alternating current may be the ordinary current supplied to alight circuit. For example, it may have a'frequency of sixty cycles per second. The said transformer has three secondary coilsP', P and P The secondary coil P may be connected to the conductors in the cable 20, which supply the heatin current to the mesh 19. The secondary coil P may be connected to the pair of conductors located in the cable 22 which supply the heating currentto the mesh 21. The third secondary coil 1 (whose circuit may coil P" will not be closed until the wire mes dies 19 and 21 are in contact with the sheet of moist pulp P. The current delivered by the an alternating current through the sheet of wet pulp P which is then horizontally located. Experience has shown that this 69 alternating current acts to drive moistureto y and out of the underside of the sheet of-pulp P so that said sheet of pulp is more qulckly and efliciently dried and set, than if a heating effect at a surface or surfaces was solely relied upon.

designated in Fi e forced through the sheet of pulp is moved givoted at 32 to the frame of the machine.v

include a suitable adjustable resistance) is S connected to the third pair of conductors. It is clear that the circuit of the third secondar third secondary coil P then operates to sendthe air current,and the mechanical pressure.

As shown in Fig. 14, the supply of current to the primary coil P is controlled by the switch 56. w j As shown in Fig. 15, a complete cycle in the operationof the machine is as follows 79 Assuming that each suction box and its associated sheet of mesh, (said mesh being 15 as a die) are in the upper position own in Fig. 5, the piston 5 is raised byexhausting the air from the '5 cylinder 4 through the pipe 6. After each suction box has thus been lowered for a short distance, theair pressure in each compression cylinder is released bydiscontinuing the supply of air under pressure through the. pipes 30 29a. After each suction chamber S has been lowered an additional short distance, air under pressure is admitted thereto by means of the flexible hose or pipeline 18 so that the away therefrom, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3. The sheets of pulp which have been thus blown away from the suction chambers, are caused to move into a suitable chute or the like.

After the suction chambers S have been lowered for another short distance, the supgig of air under pressure is. discontinued.

e the c linder 4 so that each suction box or cham er and its associated sheet of mesh reach their lowermost position and stop below the mixture of pulp and water this mixture being designated in Fig; 15 as solution. Each chamber S is now subjected to suction, while it is held in its lowermost osition. This suction is maintained for a su ciently long period of time until a layer of pulp has been caused to adhere to the mesh or porous bottom 19 of each suction chamber. It is to be understood that Fig. 15 designates the time for each operation or movement in themachine. After the suction has been a plied to each chamber S for a suflicient period of time, air under pressurev is admitted into the cylinder 4, to lower the piston 5 and to raise the suction chambers S. Eachsuction chamber or. box and itsdie, together with the adhereing pulp, is now moved into the upper or operative position shown in Fig. 5., uction is now cut off in each suction chamber S. However, each-pre1iminary mass of,

pulp is dried and rendered coherent to a certain extent, by the air current produced by saidsuction, so that thispreliminary mass of pulp ;can withstandthesubsequent action of Compressed air is 'now supplied to each chamber B by means of a suitable pump, blower or the like, to produce an air current which passes downwardly .out of each chamber B, to blow out as much moisture as possible from each sheet of pulp. After the air pressure has been maintained for a suitable period oftime in each chamber B, air under pressu're'is admitted to each cylinder 28a, to

piston 5 now reaches its top position in ":rsmechanical pressure on the cause each piston 27 and the associated frame 23 and upper mesh 21 to descend and exert considerable pressure upon the sheet of pulp. The pressure exerted on the pulp may be as high as 2000 pounds per square inch, but a pressure of 120 to 150 lbs. per square inch is ordinarily sufficient. The air pressure is gradually increased from zero to prevent the pulp from being blown through the mesh. This air current is equally applied to the sheet of pulp P to blow the water down-,

wardly in the form of a fine spray, and out of outlet 16.

1 Itdmay be noted that electric current is sup- 1e 8f mesh 19 and 21, as soon as and before the suction boxes reach their upper positions. Hence said sheets of mesh 19 and 21 are heated before the air current and the mechanical pressure are applied to the pulp. The sheets of pulp are therefore simultaneously subjected for a sufiicient period of time to a powerful blowing action, and to the pressure produced b the compressed air in the cylinders 28a. gince compressed air is positively forced through the moist pulp by means of a pump or the like, it is possible to use a much higher air pressure than the air pressure which is produced by a suction device even if the suction device is of the most efficient type. It is possible to force the air or other drying fluid through the mass of pulp with a pressure as high as 80-120 pounds per square inch, and even more, dependent upon the thickness of the pulp. An addi-' I tional advantage of the process specified here'-.

in is that it is not necessary to use'excessive pulp which might break down the fiber of the cellulose. Likewise wires which are imbedded in the pulp, either partially or wholly, renders the efficiency of the process largely independent of atmospheric conditions. As soon as the hot mesh 3 dies 19 and 21 contact with the sheet of moist pulp, held in horizontal position, the alternating current passes through the same so that an electro 9smpticefiect is exerted without elect nolyxiififthe water in the pulp. I do not wish to exclude the use of a direct current for heating the dies 19 and 21, andfor exerting this electro-osmotic effect, but I prefer to use an alternating current, in order to eliminate electrolysis; Experience has shown that using an alternating current having a frequency of sixty cycles per second, practically eliminates electrolysis. Then the supply of compressed air to the cylinders 28a is discontinued, andsaid cylinders 28a are connected to a suitable suction pump to cause the pistons 27 to move upwardly. This completes a cycle.

.However, it may be noted that thesupply of air under pressure in each cylinder B is not discontinued until shortly after thesuction chambers have begun to descend. Likewlse,

to the upper and lower dies, or sheets the application of direct heat to the ducing the above mentioned operations is shown more particularly in Figs. 9-14 inclusive. As shown in Figs. 9 and 14, the suction pipes 18 which are connected with the suction chambers S, are connected to a main flexible suction pipe 18 which is connected to the inlet pipe 346 of a valve casing 36 in which a piston valve 35 is slidably mounted.

.A compression spring 37 tends to move the piston valve 35, above the position indicated in Fig. 9.' The pipe 34a'1sconnected to a suitable suction pump, which is not shown in the drawings. When the parts are in the position shown-in Fig. 9, the'pipes 34b and 34a can communicate with each other so that the suction pump connected to the pipe 34a, can operate to maintain the chambers S under suction. However, when the cam 38,- which is mounted upon the cam shaft 39, is turned to release the upper-end of the rod of the valve 35, then the valve 35 is moved upwardly by the compression spring 37 so that the pipes 34?) and 351') can communicate with each other. As shown in Figs. 9 and 14, the pipes 35?) communicate with a pressure pump, blower or other suitable means for supplying air under pressure. As shown in Fig. 9,. the cam 38 is so designed so that pressure is not sup lied to the suction chambers S im mediate y after they have been disconnected from the suction pump. The cam 38 is so designed as to produce the sequence of opera-' tions shown in Fig. 15, and during the periods shown in said Fig. 15.

The valve 40 shown 1n Fig. 10 operates to cause air under pressure to be supplied tofthe cylinder 4 through its inlet pipe 6, or to produce a vacuum in said cylinder 4. This valve 40 is slidably mounted in the valve casing 41,

and it is provided with a compression spring nected to thec'ylinder 4. The pipe 45 is connected to an exhaust pump which is not shown in the drawings.

When the valve 40 is in the position shown in Fig. 10, air under pressure is supplied to the inlet pipe 6 so that the piston 5 is caused to rapidly descend. The position of the valve 40 is controlled by the cam 45 which is mounted upon the common cam shaft 39. When the cam 45 is turned so that the roller on top of the rod of the valve is free to enterjthe recess 450, then the compression spring 42 moves the valve40 upwar y so that the pipes 6a and 43- are no longer in communication,

a and the pipes 6a and 45 are placed in communication with each other. The exhaust pump connected to the pipe'45now becomes operative to exhaust air from the cylinder'4, so as to raise the piston 5, and .to depress the suction chambers The valve 46 which is shown in Fi 11 regulates the supply of compressed air to' the chambers B, to force air through the sheets of pulp so that water is forced out of the lower surfaces thereof in the form of fine streams. This valve 46, which is also of the piston type, is-slidably mounted ina casing 47. The pipe 43 is connected to a source of air under pressure. When the valve 46 is in the position indicated in Fig. 11, the pipe 29a is supplied with air under pressure, and this pipe 29a is rovided' with branches connected to the cham rs B. The valve 46 is controlled by means of the cam 45a, mounted upon the common cam shaft 39, and by the compression spring 48. A

The supply of air to the cylinders 28a is controlled by the piston valve 50 which is mounted in the casing 51. A compression spring 52 tends to raise the valve 50 above the position indicated in Fig. 12. Air under pressure is'supp'lied to the pipe 43. When the 33 valve 50 is in the position shown in Fig. 12,-

said air under pressurepasses to the pipes 29, which then are in communication with the pipgl43. v

e valve 50 is controlled by the cam 45?) mounted on the cam shaft 39. When' the valve 50 is free to move upwardly, the communication between pipes 29 and 43 is cut oil, and communication is established between the pipes 29 and the pipe 54. Said pipe chine are symmetrical. Likewise, while the 54 is-connected to a suitable suctio'n pump or the like.

The cam 55 for controlling the-switch 56,

is also mounted on the common cam shaft 39.

It will be noted thatboth sides of the ma machine has been shown with two operating 'units, any suitable number of units'could be supplied. It will also be noted that the machine is free from any cams, save for the which operate to close the same while said chambers S are under suction. However,

when air' underipressure is forced into the suction chambers S, the check valves are then ,those steps which consist inforcin free to open to permit water, pulp, etc. to es- .ca e therefrom.

have specifically illustrated the manu-. facture of a flat or planar sheet of pul However, it is obvious that the machine 1s applicable for manufacturing various kinds ofpul articles, such as dishes, baskets, or the l' e. In making articles of various. shapes, it is merely necessary to suitably alter theshape of the dies 19 and 21.

I have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, butit is clear that numerous changes and omissions can be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.-

1. In the art of forming apulp article,

am through a moist mass of pulp while simultaneously heating the pulp y a source of heat independentof the air current, the temperature of said source of heat being higher than the temperature of the air curren I '2.'In the art of forming a pulp article, those steps which consist in simultaneously applying heat and pressure to a moist mass of pulp while forcing an air current through the same, the heat so supplied being from a sourceindependent of said air current, the temperature of the source of heat being higher than the temperature of the air current.- as

3. In the art of making a pulp article, those steps which consist in collecting a la er of pulp upon the face of a su tion chain er by withdrawing the air out of said chamber,

and then raising said chambeir while caus- 1 00 and lower said suction box so that it is lowered into said tank while said operative face is in the bottom position, so that a la .er of 11;!

pulp can then be colle ted adjacent sa d 0 erative face, and means adapted to turn said suction box when it is'raised so that said perforated face then occupies an upper horizon- .tal position, below the layer of pulp so that the said sheet-of pulp then rests upon said opv erative face, and meansadaptedto then com- ,1

pressthepulp. p I .5, In a machine for. forming a pulpfa-ra ticle, the sub-combination of a tank;adapted12 5 to contain a mixtureof pulp and' water,-a

suction box having an operative fora'minou'sa face, means lfadapted to connect said suction box to agvacuum pumpor the like for roducing' suction therein, fmeans adap to L3 'has been turned as previously stated herein.

6. In a machine for forming, a pulp article, the sub-combination of a tank adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, a suc- .tionbox having an operative foraminous face, means adapted to connect said suction box to a vacuum pump or the like for produc-. ing suction therein, means adapted to raise and lower said suction box so that it is lowered into saidtank while said operative face is in the bottom position, so that alayer of pulp can then be collected adjacent said operative face, and means adapted to turn said suction box when it is raised so that said operative face then occupies an upper horizontal position, below said layer of pulp so that the said layer of pulp then rests upon said operative face, said suction box having a water-outlet therein, said suction box being operated to raise said water-outlet in alignment with'said tank, and" means adapted to compress the pulp after the said open facehas been turned as previously stated. herein.

7 In a machine for forming a pulp article, the sub-combination of a frame, a tank connected to said frame, and adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, a suction box adapted to enter the said tank and to move out therefrom, a lever pivotally connected to said suction box at one end and having its other end connected to the frame, means adapted to turn said lever so as.-to-' sWing said suction box away-from said frame, and a link-pivotally connected at one end to said frame, and at its other end to said suction box so that said suction boxis caused to turn 180 when it is raised.

8. In a machine for forming a pulp article,

the sub-combination of a tank adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, a vertically movableand turnable suction box having an operative foraminous face adapted to receive alayerof pulp, means adapted to with- ...draw air from said chamber while said operative face contacts with the mixture of pulp and water, so that a layer of pulp is formed adjacent said operative face, means adapted to raise and-turn the suction chamber so that the operative face is horizontal and is below the layer of pulp which can then rest upon said'operative face, and means adapted to then exert mechanical pressure upon said sheet of pulp, while it rests uponsaid operative face.

9. In a machine for forming a pulp article, the sub-combination of a tank adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, 'a vertically movable and turnable suction box having an operative foraminous face adapted to receive a'layer of pulp, means adapted to withdraw air from said chamber while said operative face contacts with the mixture of pul and water, so that a layer of pulp is forme adjacent said operative face,- means adapted to raise and turn the suction chamber so that the operative face is horizontal and is below the layer of pulp which can then rest upon said operative face, and means adapted to then exert mechanical pressure upon said sheet of pulp, said suction chamber having a water outlet which is aligned with said tank while said mechanical pres-. sure is being applied.

10. In a machine for forming a pulp article, the sub-combination of foraminous members adapted to receive a mass of pulp between them, means adapted to cause a relative, movement between said foraminous members to exert mechanical pressure on the mass of pulp, and means adapted to force air through the sheet of pulp while it is being subjected to said mechanical pressure, at least one of said foraminous members being connected to a source of electric current t heat the same. 11. In a machine for forming a pulp article, a tank adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, a suction box having a oraminous operative face provided with, means adapted to depress said operative face into said tank so thata la er of pulp can be collected thereon, means a apted to raise and turn said suction box so that the operative face ishorizontally below and supports the layensa-second" vertically movable foraruinous member, means adapted to actuate said second foraminous member to exert pressure on the pulp resting upon the first foraminous member, and means adapted to force air through said mass of pulp, while it is held between said foraminous. members.

12. In a machine for forming a pulp article, a tank adapted to contain a mixture of pulp and water, a suction box having a foraminous face, means adapted to depress said foraminous face into said tank so that a layer of pulp can be collected thereon, means adapted to raise and turn said suction box so that the layer of pulp rests upon said foraminousface, a second vertically movable foraminous member, means adapted toactuate said second foraminous member to exert pressure on the pulp resting upon the first foraminous ed to'heat at least one of said foraminous members.

13. In a machine for forming a pulp arti-- to produce suction on one side of said percle, the sub-combination of foraminous memforated member in order to collect a layer of hers adapted to receive a--mass of pulp bemoist pulp on the other side thereof,-a sectweeii thenumeaus adapted to cause a reland perforated. member, means adapted to tive movement between said foraminous cause a relative movement between said permembers to exert mechanical pressure on the forate'd members in order to exert mechanical mass of pulp, and means adapted to force air pressure on the mass of pulp, and means through the mass of pulp while it is bcin adapted to force a current of aeriform drysubjected to said mechanical pressure, sai ing fluid through the sheet of pulp while it 0 vforaminous members being connected to a is being subjected to said mechanical pressource of electric current to heat the same, ure. w said foraminous members being also connect- 19, A method f forming a pul article ed to an additional source of electric current hi h on i t in f r ing mass of moist so that current from said additional source -pulp having sufficient coherence to substan-. c n p t gh the m f P P tially withstand mechanical pressure and tween them. i V 0 pressure which is produced by forcing a our: m g P 1 q rent of aeriform fluid through the same, and C185 COIIIPIISHIg a tank pt to cqntam a then simultaneously applying to said moist mixture of P l 4W Water, 51nd machme mass, mechanical pressure and a current of 0 g a a suctlqn Chamber plvotally 0 aeriform fluid which is-forced through sai nected to a lever which is pivotally connected mass, d i lt ly itti th fi f a link R y Connected to escape of moisture which is removed from 531d. frame and also pivotally connectedto the moist,-

said'pgessurg and aid said suction boi; so vthat said suction box s t, f aer'lform fi 5 caused to turn when saicllever is operated to A method f f i a p ti e box p r y, a Y which consists in forming a mass of moist inder having a piston connected to said lever 1 h vi ffi ie t coherence t ithto actuatethe e stand the action of mechanical pressure and.

In mflichme for formmg P lp holes, the action of a current of drying fluid which the Qombmatlon of a member r s a i is forced through the said mass, and then 95 P g faceameans adapted to dePoslt y" applying mechanical pressure to the moist 0 P l said PP g face: and means mass of pulp in order to compact the same,

adapted to force aofomminouseheating i and forcing a current of drying fluid through 1 n rr e electncal conducting said mass while it is being subjected to said 3smean-agamst salddayer'of P PS that 2 mechanical pressure, and permitting the l l i f g w Placed my escape in liquid form of themoisture which direct and intimate contact with the layer of i so removed f om said mass 0 M f pulp. pulp o h e Same- 21. A niethodof forming a pulp article In h Q e ms 3 P l; artlcle: which consists in collecting a layer of moist. 40 those steps which cons1st,1n applying me- 1 upon a Screen chamcal pressure to a moist mass of pulp to that the pulp fib s are partially i t compact h same, and {Wang a Q' nected, partially drying said moist pulp by yl g fiuld thlipugh Sa1(1 mas5.Wh11Q 1t means of a currentrof aeriform drying fluid, subiested to 'Sald ih l Pressure, and then forcing the moisture out of said order to remove the moisture which is forced i t 1 means f h i l pressure no to'the surface of the pulp by said mechanical" d by a i t f -if d in fl id P F a While Relmlttmgthe p of the which is forced through said mass of pulp.

' molstul"? Whlch fil and y 22. A method of forming a pulp article sf d P y i 1991151111931 p l f which consists in forming a layer of moist and @ld 0 F f t molstu'le b g pulp upon a screen, forcing a current of aeri- 115 fi l' f l caused to escape Whlle form drying fluid. through the moist-mass of 1t 1s m hquld form- V pulp while it is supported upon said screen,

7' A i t of fonflmg a P p 9 2 the force of said curre't of fluid beinggrad- \Whlch Conslsts 1n collectmg ay of 101st ually increased in order to prevent the pulp P p p fi n While causmg' th P l fromrbeing blown through" the screen, and 120 fi Pa y i e n t b also using mechanical pressure to dry the ng a current of aeriform drying fluid id mass f p f 1 o Pl g the 2 of P P FQ l In testimony whereof Iafiixmy, signature. moisture therefrom, then applying mechan- ALBERT W MQRRIS ical pressure to said moistwmass on both sides o 4 thereof, and continuing to force'an aeriform r drying fluid through the same while said pressure is applied. v 18. Int. machine for forming a pulp,ar-.

65 ticle, a perforated'member, means adapted y 1 by means of suctionzso 

